There is no single cause of dark circles — they are typically multifactorial:
• Genetics: Some individuals are predisposed to thinner under-eye skin or increased pigmentation.
• Ageing: With age, collagen and fat loss lead to hollowing (tear trough deformity), making shadows more visible.
• Hyperpigmentation: Increased melanin production can cause brown or darker tones under the eyes.
• Vascular visibility: Thin skin can reveal underlying blood vessels, giving a bluish or purple hue.
• Lifestyle factors: Fatigue, dehydration, smoking, and poor diet can exacerbate their appearance.
• Hormonal changes: Particularly relevant during menopause, where skin thinning and dryness are more pronounced.
Understanding the type is key to choosing the correct treatment:
• Pigmented: Brown-toned, linked to melanin.
• Vascular: Blue/purple, linked to blood vessels.
• Structural: Hollow or sunken appearance due to volume loss.
• Mixed: A combination of the above.
Treatment should be tailored to the underlying cause:
Topical Skincare
• Vitamin C: Brightens and reduces pigmentation
• Retinol: Stimulates collagen production and thickens the skin
• Caffeine: Reduces puffiness and constricts blood vessels
• Hyaluronic acid: Hydrates and plumps the under-eye area
Professional Treatments
• Chemical peels: Improve pigmentation and skin texture
• Microneedling: Stimulates collagen and improves skin thickness
• LED light therapy: Reduces inflammation and supports skin regeneration
• Laser treatments: Target pigmentation and vascular concerns
Lifestyle Adjustments
• Prioritise sleep and hydration
• Reduce salt and alcohol intake
• Use SPF daily to prevent worsening pigmentation
Dark circles are complex and require a personalised approach. A thorough consultation is essential to identify the underlying cause and determine the most effective treatment plan. With the right combination of skincare, professional treatments, and lifestyle changes, significant improvement can be achieved.
